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Cause
Chinese had a lot of suffer since Opium War, after several European semi-colonisations, unjustified treaties to ceded and leased Chinese lands signed, Anglo-Chinese War (1840-1842) killed many innocent Chinese lives, the Chinese were no longer willing to be powerless peasants, and undergone the lightning-fast industrialisation that if happened sooner like in the Japanese incidence, could have avoided all the massacres, and China would've had a good chance against the Japanese.
In order to strengthen China, many statesmen called "guan yuan" suggested to learn from westerners in order to hinder the power of them. This was called "Self Strengthening Movement" which since 1860.
Chinese had a lot of suffer since Opium War, after several European semi-colonisations, unjustified treaties to ceded and leased Chinese lands signed, Anglo-Chinese War (1840-1842) killed many innocent Chinese lives, the Chinese were no longer willing to be powerless peasants, and undergone the lightning-fast industrialisation that if happened sooner like in the Japanese incidence, could have avoided all the massacres, and China would've had a good chance against the Japanese.
In order to strengthen China, many statesmen called "guan yuan" suggested to learn from westerners in order to hinder the power of them. This was called "Self Strengthening Movement" which since 1860.